See below……….
Tungsten. This doesn't specify a time period of when theses tallied violations occur or explain where the headquarters for the companies are. statistics like this don't have much meaning unless you put things into context as to why. saying always goes in sciences, "just because there is a correlation does not mean there is a cause and effect." you have understand the how, when, and why before you can make assumptions about the what and who.
the reason why such a large percentage of the worlds companies is listed on the Toronto stock exchange is because following the Bre-X scandal, Canada instituted at that time, one of the most rigorous financial securities measures to prevent fraud. this was recognized worldwide, so people wanted to be part of that. couple that with the merger of the vancouver stock exchange, where previously a large portion of the circumpacific know-how of mineral exploration was housed, with the TSX where all of the money flows in Canada, you have a good place for companies to get listed.
So even though a large portion of the world's mining companies are listed on the TSX, does not mean they are canadian. for instance, Barrick one of the largest gold producers in the world is listed on the TSX, but they are located in Colorado. Vale which bought out Inco which was the main producer of nickel in sudbury is from Brasil. I'm not saying Canadian companies are free of fault, no one is. i don't think that you have to look very far back into our history to know that, Sudbury was and is still a mess and that was Canadian operated on our own soil. but that was the technology of that day and era. i'm not saying there aren't sketchy fuckers out there today that get away with stuff that you're embarrassed as a nation about. but on average, if you work with, talk to, live in the places around the world where each of these companies operate, you realize there is a significant cultural difference.
"You know what's wrong with Vancouver? You can't pee off of your own balcony without getting in trouble"
- Phil Gordon